What does the BMS test for energy storage batteries

For example, the testing and validation of BMS in grid-scale energy storage systems typically involves functional testing to verify that the BMS can accurately monitor and control the battery pack; performance testing to evaluate the BMS's ability to manage the battery pack under various charge/discharge profiles and environmental conditions; and safety testing to ensure that the BMS can protect the battery pack and the system from potential hazards such as overcharging, undercharging, and overheating. [pdf]